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BIOL 201: Tools for Research

Biology Best Bets

Web of Science Search Operators preference

If you use different operators in your search, the search is processed according to this order of precedence:

  1. NEAR/x
  2. SAME
  3. NOT
  4. AND
  5. OR

Parentheses

Use parentheses to override operator precedence.he expression inside the parentheses is executed first.  Examples

  • influenza OR flu AND avian finds records containing the word influenza. It also finds records containing both flu and avian.
  • (influenza OR flu) AND avian finds records containing both influenza and avian or both flu and avian.
  • copper OR lead AND algae finds all records in which both lead AND algae are present as well as all records in which the word copper is present.
  • (copper OR lead) AND algae finds all records in which the word algae is present together with either copper or lead.
  • (cadmium AND gill*) NOT Pisces finds records containing both cadmium and gill (or gills) but excludes records containing the word Pisces.
  • (salmon OR pike) NEAR/10 virus find records containing salmon or pike within 10 words of virus.