British Empire in Africa: Digitized Primary Sources
Africa (general)
Britain had some small colonial holdings in Africa by the early 1800s, but did not begin taking territory in earnest until the so-called "Scramble for Africa" in the late 1800s. The sources linked on this page were mostly written by/for British people.
The Anti-slavery reporter and aborigines' friend(1840-1940s) - A newsletter for the members of a British anti-slavery society. While advocating for an end to slavery, this society also promoted British military intervention in (and ultimately, the colonization of) numerous places in Africa.
"Cape to Cairo" - British books (1880s-1910s) related to the Empire's expansion on a north-south axis from South Africa to Cairo.
"Dark Continent" - British sources referring to Africa as the "Dark Continent," a trope that characterized Africa as mysterious, dangerous, and primitive; mostly published 1870s-1910s.
David Livingstone - Large collection of archives & other material related to the British Explorer David Livingstone.
Missions - books & serials - On missions in Africa, 1815-1914. Missionaries often arrived a decade or two before colonization. Most of these sources are British; some are American.
Missionary archival papers collected by Cambridge U. related to Uganda, South Africa, Tanzania, and others.
Travel Narratives - British and other accounts (mostly European or American) of travel in Africa, 1815-1914. These books helped to form popular views in Britain on African colonies.
East & North Africa
British territories in East Africa before 1914 included British East Africa (now Kenya, 1886) and Uganda (1895). The Empire also had partial control of British Somaliland (now northern Somalia, 1884), Zanzibar (protectorate, 1890), Sudan (1889), and influence within Egypt stemming from the Suez Canal.
British colonies in South Africa were merged and/or divided numerous times. Modern countries that were once in the British Empire include: South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Lesotho.
Botswana (Bechuanaland) - Books & serials from 1880-1914 about Botswana.
Cecil Rhodes - Books from 1880-1914 by/about the notoriously racist British leader of South Africa and "Rhodesia" (i.e. Zambia & Zimbabwe). Note: many more sources on Rhodes are available within the full-texts of books, magazines & newspapers.